Clinical trials indicate that a research study has been proven to be both safe and effective. It is possible that pharmaceutical companies, and/or federal agencies like the National Institutes of Health, certain foundations, or even individuals sponsor them. Trials may also take place in various locations such as hospitals, universities, and even doctor’s offices. Regardless of the sponsor or location, these trials must follow strict scientific and ethical standards in order to produce reliable results. The studies are then peer-reviewed by professionals to verify legitimacy.